Estrategias para instalar fertilización con nitrógeno en el cultivo de papa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21674/2448-0479.111.43-51Palabras clave:
nitrógeno nítrico, nitrógeno amoniacal, nutrición, Solanum tuberosum, tubérculo.Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de fertilizantes nitrogenados en diferentes etapas del cultivo de papa, en condiciones de campo. El experimento se realizó en el municipio de Ibiraiaras, RS, en plena zona de producción comercial durante la cosecha 2023/1. Realizado en forma de parcelas subdivididas, contó con tres tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones, y la aplicación de YaraBela 27-00-00. La primera aplicación se realizó a los 34 días después de la siembra, correspondiente en la fase de aporque. Las siguientes aplicaciones se realizaron a los 53, 68 y 83 días después de la siembra. El tratamiento 1 incluyó una aplicación a una dosis de 75 kg∙ha-1 en la primera fase, otra a la misma dosis en la segunda fase y una última a 100 kg∙ha-1 en la tercera fase. El tratamiento 2 tuvo una dosis de 75 kg∙ha-1 en la primera fase de aplicación, 50 kg∙ha-1 en la segunda fase y en la tercera fase de aplicación y 75 kg∙ha-1 en la cuarta. El tratamiento 3 correspondió al testigo, manteniendo el estándar del productor, con solo dos aplicaciones: una de 100 kg∙ha-1 en la segunda fase y otra de 150 kg∙ha-1 en la tercera. Al final del ciclo del cultivo se evaluaron los parámetros de masa, número y productividad de los tubérculos clasificados en dos categorías: superiores a 45 mm y inferiores a 45 mm, además de la productividad total. Los resultados demostraron que la división no afectó la cantidad de tubérculos producidos. Sin embargo, la división en tres aplicaciones proporcionó una mayor masa media de tubérculos superior e inferior 45 mm, lo que resultó en un aumento significativo de la productividad inferior 45 mm. En consecuencia, en función de las condiciones edafoclimáticas evaluadas, la estrategia más favorable para el cultivo de papas es la división del nitrógeno en tres aplicaciones.
Descargas
Citas
AKKAMIS, M.; CALISKAN, S. Responses of yield, quality and water use efficiency of potato grown under different drip irrigation and nitrogen levels. Scientific Reports. v. 13, 9911, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36934-3. Availabe at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-36934-3. Accessed on: 15 May 2024.
ALVARES, C. A.; STAPE, J. L.; SENTELHAS, P. C.; GONÇALVES, J. L. M.; SPAROVEK, G. Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift. v. 22 n. 6, p. 711 – 728, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507. Available at: https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/metz/detail/22/82078/Koppen_s_climate_classification_map_for_Brazil?af=crossref. Accessed on: 4 Nov. 2025.
BRASIL. MINISTÉRIO DA AGRICULTURA, PECUÁRIA E ABASTECIMENTO. AGROFIT. Sistema de agrotóxicos fitossanitários. 2023. Available at: http://agrofit.agricultura.gov.br/agrofit_cons/principal_agrofit_cons. Accessed on: 12 Apr. 2023.
CANTARELLA, H. Nitogênio. In: Novais, R. F.; Alvarez, V. V. H; Barros, N. F.; Fontes, R. L. F.; Cantarutti, R. B.; Neves, J. C. L. eds. Fertilidade do solo. Viçosa: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo; 2007. p.375-470.
CEAGESP. COMPANHIA DE ENTREPOSTOS E ARMAZÉNS GERAIS DE SÃO PAULO. Batata – Normas de Classificação. 2015. Available at: https://ceagesp.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/batata.pdf. Accessed on: 4 Nov. 2025.
CLÉMENT, C.-C.; CAMBOURIS, A. N.; ZIADI, N.; ZEBARTH, B. J.; KARAM, A. Potato Yield Response and Seasonal Nitrate Leaching as Influenced by Nitrogen Management. Agronomy. V. 11, n. 10, 2055, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102055. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/10/2055. Accessed on: 12 Jun. 2023.
COELHO, A. M. Nutrição e adubação do milho. Sete Lagoas: Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, 2006. 10 p. Available at: https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/490410/nutricao-e-adubacao-do-milho. Accessed on: 25 Apr. 2023.
DAVENPORT, J. R.; MILBURN, P. H.; ROSEN, C. J.; THORNTON, R. E. Environmental impacts of potato nutrient management. American Journal of Potato Research. v. 82, p. 321–328, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871962. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02871962. Accessed on: 7 Mar. 2023.
ERREBHI, M.; ROSEN, C. J.; GUPTA, S. C.; BIRONG, D. E. Potato yield response and nitrate leaching as influenced by nitrogen management. Agronomy Journal. v. 90, p. 10–15, 1998. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000010003x. Available at: https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000010003x. Accessed on: 7 Mar. 2023.
FERNANDES, A. M. et al. Sistema de produção de batata. 2015. Available at: https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/bitstream/doc/1028425/1/SistemadeProducaodaBatata.pdf. Accessed November 16, 2024.
FERNANDES, A. M.; SORATTO, R. P. Nutrição mineral, calagem e adubação da batateira. Botucatu: FEPAF; Itapetininga: ABBA, 2012. 121 p.
FLETCHER, D. M.; RUIZ, S.; WILLIAMS, K. A.; PETROSELLI, C.; WALKER, N.; CHADWICK, D.; JONES, D. L.; ROOSE, T. Projected increases in precipitation are expected to reduce nitrogen use efficiency and alter optimal fertilization timings in agriculture in the South East of England. ACS ES&T Engineering. v. 2, n. 8, p. 1414–1424, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.1c00492. Available at: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsestengg.1c00492. Accessed on: 15 Apr. 2023.
FAO. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. Celebrating the potato: A global treasure for food security and biodiversity. 2025. Available at: https://www.fao.org/cgrfa/news/news-detail/celebrating-the-potato--a-global-treasure-for-food-security-and-biodiversity/en. Accessed on: 30 May 2025.
GAO, X.; TENUTA, M.; NELSON, A.; SPARLING, B.; TOMASIEWICZ, D.; MOHR, R. M. BIZIMUNGU, B. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrous oxide emission from irrigated potato on a clay loam soil in Manitoba, Canada. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. v. 93, p. 1–11, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss2012-057. Availabe at: https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.4141/cjss2012-057. Accessed on: 18 May 2023.
GOMES, J. I. T. et al. Nível Crítico de Fósforo em Batata-Inglesa Sob Adubação Mineral e Organo-Mineral. In: SALÃO INTEGRADO DE ENSINO, PESQUISA E EXTENSÃO, 9, 2019, Porto Alegre, RS. Proceedings [...] Porto Alegre: UERGS, 2019.
JOERN, B. C.; VITOSH, M. L. Influence of applied nitrogen on potato part I: Yield, quality, and Nitrogen uptake. American Potato Journal. v. 72, p. 51–63, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02874379. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02874379. Accessed on 21 May 2023.
KHAKBAZAN, M.; MOHR, R. M.; TOMASIEWICZ, D. J.; NELSON, A.; BIZIMUNGU, B. Economic response of potato to nitrogen rate, timing of nitrogen application, cultivar, and irrigation. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. v. 104, n. 6, p. 652-669, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2023-0159. Available at: https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjps-2023-0159. Accessed on: 10 Mar. 2023.
KOCH, M.; NAUMANN, M.; PAWELZIK, E.; GRANSEE, A.; THIEL, H. The importance of nutrient management for potato production Part I: Plant nutrition and yield. Potato Research. v. 63, p. 97–119, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-019-09431-2. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11540-019-09431-2. Accessed on: 12 May 2023.
LIU, Y.; WANG, H.; TAN, X.; FU, S.; LIU, D.; SHEN, W. Increased precipitation alters the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil bacterial and fungal communities in a temperate forest. Science of the Total Environment. v. 916, 170017, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170017. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969724001517?via%3Dihub. Accessed on: 7 Mar. 2025.
MAHMUD, K.; PANDAY, D.; MERGOUM, A.; MISSAOUI, A. Nitrogen Losses and Potential Mitigation Strategies for a Sustainable Agroecosystem. Sustainability. v. 13, n. 4, 2400, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042400. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/2400. Accessed on: 10 Mar. 2023
NING, L.; XU, X.; QIU, S.; LEI, Q.; ZHANG, Y.; LUO, J.; DING, W.; ZHAO, S.; HE, P.; ZHOU, W. Balancing potato yield, soil nutrient supply, and nitrous oxide emissions: An analysis of nitrogen application trade-offs. Science of the Total Environment. v. 899, 165628, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165628. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723042511?via%3Dihub. Accessed on: 6 Jul. 2024.
SBSC RS/SC. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Manual de Calagem e Adubação para os Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina. Porto Alegre: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo – Núcleo Regional Sul, 2016. 376 p.
SHCHERBAK, I.; MILLAR, N.; ROBERTSON, G. P. Global metaanalysis of the nonlinear response of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to fertilizer nitrogen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. v. 111, n. 25, p. 9199-9204, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1322434111. Available at: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1322434111. Accessed on 15 Apr. 2023.
SU, D.; ZHANG, H.; TENG, A.; ZHANG, C.; LEI, L.; BA, Y.; ZHOU, C.; LI, F.; CHEN, X.; WANG, Z. Potato growth, nitrogen balance, quality, and productivity response to water-nitrogen regulation in a cold and arid environment. Frontiers in Plant Science. v. 15, 1451350, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1451350. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2024.1451350/full. Accessed on: 12 May 2025.
VOS, J. Split nitrogen application in potato: effects on accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter in the crop and on the soil nitrogen budget. The Journal of Agricultural Science. v. 133, n. 3, p. 263–274, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859699006966. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-agricultural-science/article/abs/split-nitrogen-application-in-potato-effects-on-accumulation-of-nitrogen-and-dry-matter-in-the-crop-and-on-the-soil-nitrogen-budget/BD333B4F3E63FDF959C4D70AFD458711. Accessed on: 10 Mar. 2023.
XU, G.; LI, G.; WU, J.; MA, W.; WANG, H.; YUAN, J.; LI, X. Effects of rainfall amount and frequencies on soil net nitrogen mineralization in Gahai wet meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Scientific Reports. v. 13, 14860, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39267-3. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-39267-3. Accessed on: 12 Feb. 2024.
ZEBARTH, B. J.; LECLERC, Y.; MOREAU, G.; BOTHA, E. Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilization of Russet Burbank potato: Yield and processing quality. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. v. 84, p. 855–863, 2004. https://doi.org/10.4141/P03-123. Available at: https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.4141/P03-123. Accessed on: 10 Feb. 2024.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Fábio Tonin Farina, Wendel Paulo Silvestre, Elaine Damiani Conte
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
A reprodução total dos artigos da Revista em outros meios de comunicação eletrônicos de uso livre é permitida de acordo com a licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional.
